Membrane currents underlying activity in frog sinus venosus

Sinus venosus ASD.

A 32-year-old man presented at the cardiology department for a routine check-up. He had no symptoms, particularly no cardio logical symptoms. Clinical examination and ECG revealed no abnormalities. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a mild dilatation of the right heart. Further functional evaluation of the right heart was performed with MRI to evaluate the presence of a left to right shunt a...

Persistent right sinus venosus valve.

A 13-year-old girl presented with clinical features of pulmonary stenosis and regurgitation. Haemodynamic studies suggested the presence of a right ventricular tumour. M-mode and two dimensional echocardiograms indicated one or probably two soft thin walled structures originating from the right atrium. At operation a persistent right sinus venosus valve was removed. One earlier case report desc...

Robotically assisted repair of sinus venosus defect.

Inferior sinus venosus atrial septal defect.

One case of inferior vena cava type sinus venosus defect is reported. It is likely to be missed on transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography is useful. Unlike superior sinus venosus defect which are easily visible on transesophageal echocardiography, a careful search is needed to detect inferior sinus venosus defects. All patients with unexplained right ventricular volume...

Two Inward Currents in Frog Atrial Muscle

The double sucrose-gap voltage-clamp technique was applied to frog atrial tissue to investigate the ionic currents responsible for the action potential in this tissue. Membrane depolarization elicited two distinct components of inward current when the test node was exposed to normal Ringer solution: a fast inward current and a slow inward current. The fast inward current appeared to be carried ...